Automated Scenario Generation - Coupling Planning Techniques with Smart Objects

Serious games allow for adaptive and personalised forms of training; the nature and timing of learning activities can be tailored to the trainee’s needs and interests. Autonomous game-based training requires for the automatic selection of appropriate exercises for an individual trainee. This paper presents a framework for an automated scenario generation system. The underlying notion is that a learning experience is defined by the objects and agents that inhabit the training environment. Our system uses automated planning to assess the behaviour required to achieve the (personalised) training objective. It then generates a scenario by selecting semantically annotated (or ‘smart’) objects and by assigning goals to the virtual characters. The resulting situations trigger the trainee to execute the desired behaviour. To test the framework, a prototype has been developed to train the First Aid treatment of burns. Experienced instructors evaluated scenarios written by three types of authors: the prototype, first-aid experts, and laymen. The prototype produced scenarios that were at least as good as laymen scenarios. First-aid experts seemed the best scenario writers, although differences were not significant. It is concluded that combining automated planning, smart objects, and virtual agent behaviour, is a promising approach to automated scenario generation.